@misc{Rothe2015,
  type      = {Master Thesis},
  author    = {Rothe, Colleen},
  title     = {Evaluation of Scanpath Comparison Metrics for Static and Dynamic Tasks},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:944-opus4-1633},
  school      = {Hochschule Aalen},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Purpose Automated scanpath comparison metrics should deliver an objective method to evaluate the similarity of scanpaths. The aim of this thesis is an evaluation of seven existing scanpath comparison metrics in static and dynamic tasks in order to provide a guidline that helps to decide which algorithm has to be chosen for a special kind of task. Methods The applicability of the algorithms for a static, visual search task and a dynamic, interactive video game task as well as their constraints and limitations were tested. Therefore, binocular gaze data were recorded by using the eye tracking system The Eye Tribe (The Eye Tribe ApS, Copenhagen/ Denmark). Objective task performance measures from 21 subjects were used in order to create scanpath groupings for which a relevant effect of dissimilarity was to be expected. Objective task performance measures such as task performance time were statistically evaluated and compared to the results gained by the comparison metrics. Results Four of the algorithms being used successfully identified differences for static and dynamic tasks: MultiMatch, iComp, SubsMatch and the Hidden Markov Model. ScanMatch was very sensitive for the static task but not applicable to the dynamic task whereas FuncSim was suitable for dynamic but not for static tasks. Eyenalysis failed to detect any effect. Conclusion The applicability of scanpath comparison metrics depends on the state of the task, respectively on the kind of experimental set up. In future, the application area for eye tracking will expand and an improvement of automated scanpath comparison metrics is therefore required.},
  subject      = {Mustererkennung},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Ungewiss2015,
  type      = {Master Thesis},
  author    = {Ungewiss, Judith},
  title     = {Parameters for Vigilance, Attention and Cognitive Workload within Eye Tracking Recordings},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:944-opus4-1396},
  school      = {Hochschule Aalen},
  pages     = {XVIII, 95 S.},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Purpose: Usually, a theory of attention upon gazed-at locations is applied. More parameters than gaze location can be derived to improve the theory of attention allocation. The aim of this study was to identify parameters related to eye tracking, that are suitable indicators of attention. Methods: Binocular eye tracking data was collected with the Eye Tribe tracking system (The Eye Tribe Aps, Copenhagen, Denmark) for the task of visual exploration of the painting "Unexpected Visitors" by Ilya Repin. 20 subjects (valid data: 19/20) had to look at this painting for about two and a half minutes in order to generate fatigue and inattention. In a second step, suitable parameters of attention were transferred to a data set (8 subjects, valid data: 6/8) on a perimetric task executed with the OCTOPUS 900 perimeter (Haag-Streit, K{\"o}niz, Switzerland). Monocular parameters could be applied on the perimetric task, the error rate (false positive and false negative catch trials, 5 \% each) were taken as additional parameter. Results: For the image viewing task, the only parameter showing significance was the average level (a10) of fatigue waves (p = 0.00024, ANOVA, ∆ = -0.8316 px). Blink duration (∆ =-270.4 ms), pupil variability (∆ = -0.17868), saccade length (∆ =-0.3135 px) and fixation duration (∆ = 186.5 ms) did not change significantly, but showed relevant trends by differences ∆ of their median between the first and last tenth of the recording time. Blink rate and the Index of Cognitive Activity (ICA) did neither show significant changes nor relevant trends. Vergence accuracy failed to indicate fatigue due to variability between subjects and comparatively small effect size. For the perimetric data, in 3 of 6 subjects fatigue waves over a limited time window could be observed. Only for one subject, a relevant increase in false negative responses to catch trials (50 percentage points) could be observed. Conclusion: Pupil diameter variability, saccade length, fixation duration and fatigue waves were the parameters indicating fatigue. Only the latter parameter has the potential to be applied to perimetric data.},
  language  = {en}
}