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Redemanuskript zum Impulsvortrag für die Podiumsdiskussion „Dürfen Maschinen denken (können)?“ auf dem 102. Katholikentag am 28.05.2022 in Stuttgart. Podium: Winfried Kretschmann (MdL, MPräs Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart), Ursula Nothelle-Wildfeuer (Freiburg), Michael Resch (Stuttgart), Karsten Wendland (Aalen) Moderation: Stefanie Rentsch (Fulda) Anwältin des Publikums: Verena Neuhausen (Stuttgart) - with English translation -
SARS-CoV-2 bestimmt maßgeblich unseren Alltag. Seit einiger Zeit ständiger
Wegbegleiter im öffentlichen Raum und teilweise auch modisches Accessoire: Der Mund-Nasenschutz. In einer aktuellen Mixed-Method-Studie geht das Institut für Unternehmensführung (AAUF) der Hochschule Aalen der privaten Nutzung von Mund-Nasenschutz im öffentlichen Raum (Einzelhandel und ÖPNV) auf den Grund. Dafür wurden im Zeitraum vom 25.05.2020 bis 13.06.2020 insgesamt 2.393 Personen in einer Online-Erhebung befragt und die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse um persönliche Interviews (433 Probanden) und Beobachtungen (691 Probanden) vor diversen Supermärkten und Einkaufszentren im süddeutschen Raum ergänzt.
SARS-CoV-2 bestimmt maßgeblich unseren Alltag. Seit einiger Zeit ständiger Wegbegleiter im öffentlichen Raum und teilweise auch modisches Accessoire: Der Mund-Nasenschutz. Im Rahmen einer Mixed-Method-Studie geht das Aalener Institut für Unternehmensführung (AAUF) der privaten Nutzung von Mund-Nasenschutz im öffentlichen Raum (Einzelhandel und ÖPNV) auf den Grund. Dafür wurden im Zeitraum vom 25.05.2020 bis 13.06.2020 insgesamt 2.393 Personen in einer Online-Erhebung befragt und die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse um persönliche Interviews (433 Probanden) und Beobachtungen (691 Probanden) vor diversen Supermärkten und Einkaufszentren im süddeutschen Raum ergänzt. Dieser Forschungsbericht enthält die Ergebnisse der während des Zeitraums vom 02.06.2020 bis 06.06.2020 durchgeführten Interviews.
SARS-CoV-2 bestimmt maßgeblich unseren Alltag. Seit einiger Zeit ständiger
Wegbegleiter im öffentlichen Raum und teilweise auch modisches Accessoire: Der
Mund-Nasenschutz. In einer aktuellen Mixed-Method-Studie geht Institut für Unternehmensführung (AAUF) der Hochschule Aalen der privaten Nutzung von Mund-
Nasenschutz im öffentlichen Raum (Einzelhandel und ÖPNV) auf den Grund. Dafür wurden im Zeitraum vom 25.05.2020 bis 13.06.2020 insgesamt 2.393 Personen in
einer Online-Erhebung befragt und die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse um Beobachtungen (691 Probanden) vor diversen Supermärkten und Einkaufszentren im süddeutschen Raum und persönliche Interviews (433 Probanden) ergänzt.
Die vorliegende Untersuchung beschäftigt sich mit der Umsetzung und Implementierung von Compliance-Management in deutschen Unternehmen. Dazu wurden 142 Unternehmen anhand einer elektronischen Umfrage befragt. Der Fragebogen enthält 32 Fragen, diese sind in die drei Abschnitte „allgemeine Unternehmensfragen“, „Fragen zum Compliance Management“ und „demographische Daten“ unterteilt. Die Umfrage fokussiert sich hierbei besonders auf Fragestellungen hinsichtlich der organisatorischen Eingliederung, Funktionsweise, Aufgaben und Instrumente sowie der Bewertung des Compliance-Managements innerhalb der Unternehmen.
Die vorliegende Studie beschäftigt sich mit der Hygiene-Compliance in Krankenhäusern.
Zur Einhaltung von Regeln der Hände- und Flächendesinfektion wurden hierzu Entscheider von Krankenhäusern in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz befragt.
In der Studie zeigt sich eine starke Sensibilisierung für das Thema Compliance. Hier ist hinzuzufügen, dass die Studie vor der Corona-Pandemie durchgeführt wurde, und
bereits zu diesem Zeitpunkt gab es eine Aufmerksamkeit für das Thema.
Cybercrime im Mittelstand
(2020)
Die Bedrohung durch Cyber-Kriminalität entwickelt sich ständig weiter. Auch die Studie des Aalener Instituts für Unternehmensführung (AAUF) zeigt, dass Cyber-Security ein durchaus Ernst zunehmendes Thema ist, dessen sich die Geschäftsleitung zwingend annehmen sollte, gehören Cyber-Angriffe doch mittlerweile schon zum Alltag vieler Unternehmen.
Nowadays, businesses with focus on consumer-products are challenged by short production cycles, high pricing pressure, and the need to deliver new features and services in a regular interval. Currently, businesses are tackling these challenges by automating their business pro- cesses, while yet trying to be flexible by introducing methods for process variability modeling. However, for larger processes and variability models, it becomes difficult to consider, maintain, and optimize all process variations in the various execution contexts. In software development, highly agile requirements are usually tackled with a flexible microservice architecture. Nonetheless, the fast-changing service landscape is often not fully reflected in the underlying business processes, leading to inefficiency and loss of profit. With this work, we extend our framework for process variability modeling with concepts of Microflows, allowing agile business process modeling and orchestration while utilizing the full flexibility of underlying microservices. In addition, we present a case study, showing how this approach is used in the context of an IoT application
In the present work the influence of industry-standard heat treatment on ultra-high strength aluminium alloys has been investigated under terms of various forming processes. For this purpose, a scaled side impact beam was formed out of AA7075 via Hotforming and W-Temper techniques and subjected to a heat treatment process. The test material was taken from several material suppliers in order to identify any variation of the mechanical properties. Based on uniaxial tensile tests the final material properties were evaluated and compared. Using the W-Temper and Hotforming process, the parts produced without a subsequent heat treatment show no influence concerning the suppliers. A significant difference of the material behaviour can be seen if single-step paint bake cycle is applied. Here, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) values and those for yield strength vary up to 9% and 16% respectively.
Forming complex parts out of high and ultra-high strength aluminium alloys has proved to be more challenging in comparison to the currently used deep drawing steels. Nevertheless, aluminium alloys show a limited formability in contrast with, for example, deep drawing steels. Novel processes like Warm-forming, W-Temper or Hotforming, offer the potential to produce light and highly integrated one-piece components from such aluminium alloys at elevated temperatures. When considering aluminium alloys of the 7000 group, which can reach strength values (UTS) of about 600 MPa, crash components such as side impact bars would offer a suitable field of application.
Forming at elevated temperatures, in particular with the Hotforming process, offers high potential in the production of complex structural components on the one hand and in the use of existing press hardening equipment on the other. To date, the material behaviour of aluminium alloys in the 7000 group, applied in such processes and in the later final state after forming, is not sufficiently known.
Therefore, in this study, systematic investigations on the formability and the final strength during and after forming at elevated temperature of the EN AW-7075 aluminium wrought alloy from different suppliers are conducted. In general, material- and damage/ failure models were created and implemented into simulation in order to make predictions. Characterisation of the plastic material properties on the basis of various tensile specimens as shear-, notched-, tensile- and Erichsen tests are carried out to adapt the complex material- and failure models such as Barlat YLD2000 and GISSMO to the experimental values using a parameter optimisation. These were made for the material conditions during forming, i.e. after solution heat treatment, the final condition after artificial ageing at 180°C for 20 minutes, which corresponds to the cathodic dip coating, and the T6 condition, which is the highest strength condition.
To evaluate a suitable friction coefficient for high temperature forming processes, anti-friction agents are screened, and the potential applicability evaluated by strip-drawing tests. Thereby, using an analytical relationship, friction coefficients are determined at room temperature and 180°C, which are used as corresponding friction model for the finite element forming simulation.
Crash simulations using the nonlinear finite element method (FEM) of side impact protection beams are used to demonstrate the weight saving potential of high and ultra-high strength aluminium alloys compared to a beam made of press hardened steel. A weight saving of about 20 % could be achieved with the same crash performance. This can be significantly increased to around 30 % - 40 % by using local reinforcements such as CFRP or GFRP (carbon/ glass fibre reinforced plastic) patch. For this reason, a novel process was developed which is based on the conventional Hotforming process with an integrated thermal direct joining step called “Extended Hotforming”.
Subsequently, a heatable forming tool for the production of a serial like sheet metal side impact beam was developed to validate the finite element simulation and to demonstrate the potential of the forming processes at elevated temperatures for aluminium sheet metal components.
Das Sekretärinnenproblem oder Dowry-Problem ist ein prominenter Vertreter der Optimal-Stopping Probleme. Hierzu existieren Algorithmen, die unter voller Information für eine bekannte Verteilung der betrachteten Zufallszahlen, ertragsmaximale Lösungen versprechen. Dieser Aufsatz beschäftigt sich mit der Anpassung der Verfahren auf Minimierungsprobleme. Nach der Herleitung der Lösung, wird diese exemplarisch auf vier Verteilungen übertragen. Danach werden die resultierenden Algorithmen numerisch und analytisch betrachtet, um Rückschlüsse über wesentliche Eigenschaften ziehen zu können.
The digital transformation occurring in enterprises results in an in- creasingly dynamic and complex IT landscape that in turn impacts enterprise architecture (EA) and its artefacts. New approaches for dealing with more com- plex and dynamic models and conveying EA structural and relational insights are needed. As EA tools attempt to address these challenges, virtual reality (VR) can potentially enhance EA tool capabilities and user insight but further investigation is needed in how this can be achieved. This paper contributes a VR solution concept for visualizing, navigating, and interacting with EA tool dynamically-generated diagrams and models using the EA tool Atlas. An im- plementation shows its feasibility and a case study using EA scenarios is used to demonstrate its potential.
VR-EA: Virtual Reality Visualization of Enterprise Architecture Models with ArchiMate and BPMN
(2019)
The digital transformation occurring throughout enterprises results in an increasingly dynamic and complex IT landscape. As the structures with which enterprise architecture (EA) deals become more digital, larger, complex, and dynamic, new approaches for modeling, documenting, and conveying EA structural and relational aspects are needed. The potential for virtual reality (VR) to address upcoming EA modeling challenges has as yet been insufficient- ly explored. This paper contributes a VR hypermodel solution concept for visu- alizing, navigating, interacting with ArchiMate and Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) models in VR. An implementation demonstrates its feasibil- ity and a case study is used to show its potential.
Software design patterns and the abstractions they offer can support developers and maintainers with program code comprehension. Yet manually-created pattern documentation within code or code-related assets, such as documents or models, can be unreliable, incomplete, and labor-intensive. While various Design Pattern Detection (DPD) techniques have been proposed, industrial adoption of automated DPD remains limited. This paper contributes a hybrid DPD solution approach that leverages a Bayesian network integrating developer expertise via rule-based micropatterns with our machine learning subsystem that utilizes graph embeddings. The prototype shows its feasibility, and the evaluation using three design patterns shows its potential for detecting both design patterns and variations.
While Virtual Reality (VR) has been applied to various domains to provide new visualization and interaction capabilities, enabling programmers to utilize VR for their software development and maintenance tasks has been insufficiently explored. In this paper, we present the Hyper-Display Environment (HyDE) in the form of a mixed-reality (HyDE-MR) or virtual reality (HyDE-VR) variant respectively, which provides simultaneous multiple operating system window visualization with integrated keyboard/mouse viewing and interaction using MR or in pure VR via a virtual keyboard. This paper applies HyDE in a software development case study as an alternative to typical non-VR Integrated Development Environments (IDEs), supporting software engineering tasks with multiple live screens in VR as an augmented virtuality. The MR solution concept enables programmers to benefit from VR visualization and virtually unlimited information displays while supporting their more natural keyboard interaction for basic code-centric tasks. Thus, developers can leverage VR paradigms and capabilities while directly interacting with their favorite tools to develop and maintain program code. A prototype implementation is described, with a case study demonstrating its feasibility and an initial empirical study showing its potential.
A complex and dynamic IT landscape with evermore digital elements, relations, and content presents a challenge for Enterprise Architecture (EA). Disparate digital repositories, including Knowledge Management Systems (KMS), Enterprise Content Management Systems (ECMS), and Enterprise Architecture Tools (EAT), often remain disjointed. And even if integrated, insights remain hindered by current visualization limitations, making it increasingly difficult to analyze, manage, and gain insights into the digital enterprise reality. This paper contributes our nexus-based Virtual Reality (VR) solution concept VR-EA+TCK that enhances and amalgamates EAT with KMS and ECMS capabilities. By enabling visualization, navigation, and interaction in VR with dynamically-generated EA diagrams, knowledge/value chains, and KMS/ECMS digital entities, it sets the groundwork for stakeholder-accessible grassroots enterprise modeling/analysis and future collaboration in a metaverse. An implementation shows its feasibility, while a case study demonstrates its potential using enterprise analysis scenarios: ECMS/KMS coverage in the EA, business processes, knowledge chains, Wardley Maps, and risk analysis.
Towards Dynamic Business Process Management: Adapting Processes via Cloud-based Adaptation Processes
(2016)
Enterprise Architecture (EA) Frameworks (EAFs) have attempted to support comprehensive and cohesive modeling and documentation of the enterprise. However, these EAFs were not conceived for today’s rapidly digitalized enterprises and the associated IT complexity. A digitally-centric EAF is needed, freed from the past restrictive EAF paradigms and embracing the new potential in a data-centric world. This paper proposes an alternative EAF that is digital, holistic, and digitally sustainable - the Digital Diamond Framework. D2F is designed for responsive and agile enterprises, for aligning business plans and initiatives with the actual enterprise state, and addressing the needs of EA for digitized structure, order, modeling, and documentation. The feasibility of D2F is demonstrated with a prototype implementation of an EA tool that applies its principles, showing how the framework can be practically realized, while a case study based on ArchiSurance example and an initial performance and scalability characterization provide additional insights as to its viability.
Databases are becoming an ubiquitous and integral part of most software as the data era and the Internet of Everything unfolds. Alternative database types such as NoSQL grow in popularity and allow data to be stored and accessed more simply or in new ways. Thus, software developers, not just database specialists, are more likely to encounter and need to deal with databases. Virtual Reality (VR) technology has grown in popularity, yet its integration in the software development tool chain has been limited. One potential application area for VR technology that has not been sufficiently explored is database-model visualization. This paper describes Virtual Reality Immersion in Data Models (VRiDaM), a generic database-model approach for visualizing, navigating, and conveying database-model information interactively. It describes and explores both native VR and WebVR solution concepts, with prototypes showing the viability of the approach.
As the amount of software source code increases, manual approaches for documentation or detection of software design patterns in source code become inefficient relative to the value. Furthermore, typical automatic pattern detection tools are limited to a single programming language. To address this, our Design Pattern Detection using Machine Learning (DPDML) offers a generalized and programming language agnostic approach for automated design pattern detection based on machine learning (ML). The focus of our evaluation was on ensuring DPDML can reasonably detect one design pattern in the structural, creational, and behavioral category for two popular programming languages (Java and C#). 60 unique Java and C# code projects were used to train the artificial neural network (ANN) and 15 projects were then used to test pattern detection. The results show the feasibility and potential for pursuing an ANN approach for automated design pattern detection.