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Capillary electrophoresis (CE) offers fast and high-resolution separation of charged analytes from small injection volumes. Coupled to mass spectrometry (MS), it represents a powerful analytical technique providing (exact) mass information and enables molecular characterization based on fragmentation. Although hyphenation of CE and MS is not straightforward, much emphasis has been placed on enabling efficient ionization and user-friendly coupling. Though several interfaces are now commercially available, research on more efficient and robust interfacing with nano-electrospray ionization (ESI), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP) continues with considerable results. At the same time, CE-MS has been used in many fields, predominantly for the analysis of proteins, peptides and metabolites. This review belongs to a series of regularly published articles, summarizing 248 articles covering the time between June 2016 and May 2018. Latest developments on hyphenation of CE with MS as well as instrumental developments such as two-dimensional separation systems with MS detection are mentioned. Furthermore, applications of various CE-modes including capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE), capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) and capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) coupled to MS in biological, pharmaceutical and environmental research are summarized.
Dementia is one of the most frequent diseases of people aged 65 and older. As a result of the upcoming demographic transition, a significant increase is expected to the current number of around 1.7 million dementia patients. A precise estimate of this increase is especially important for decision-makers and payers to the health-care system. This study examined the effects of different assumptions on the future frequency of disease using a time-discrete Markov model with population-related and disease-specific components. Based on health insurers' administrative data from AOK Baden-Württemberg, we determined age- and gender-specific prevalence rates, incidence rates, and mortality differences of dementia patients and combined them with demographic components from German population statistics. As a result, our Markov model showed a 20 to 25% higher number of dementia patients in 2030, compared to the results of the status quo projection applied in most previous studies, with the assumption of constant prevalence rates over time. Hence, our results indicate that even in the medium term payers will have to face significant increases in dementia-related health expenditures. By 2060, the number of dementia patients in Germany would rise to 3.3 million assuming a further increase to life expectancy and constant incidence rates over time. The assumption of a compression of the morbidity would reduce this number to 2.6 million.