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Feedback management in hearing aids and its challenges have been there for over 60 years. The basic principles of feedback management are still in use to prevent the hearing aids from oscillation. This work focusses on the feedback management in custom style hearing aids by comparing four different Invisible-In-the-Canal (IIC) hearing aids. Four test set-ups were created to find valid and reli-able methods and set-ups to test custom hearing aids for their feedback management. The goal was to find out if they could provide 1) stable gain, 2) good sound quality, 3) indicate specific frequencies audible feedback occurs and 4) to test the clinical robustness through subjective experience rating. The principle was: matched gain – matched acoustics.
Strategy development is one of the crucial factors for a firm's performance. For it
to be developed, a strategic analysis has to be conducted first. It enables
companies to gain a deeper understanding of their internal and external
environment. In the present work, the specialty coffee market is closely analyzed through a strategic analysis. The focus of this study is the young company Tikuna, a coffee producer that aims to enter the German market. In this context, Tikuna's possible entry into the German market and the companies competitive capacities are analyzed. In order to implement the different tools of the analysis, extensive literature research, as well as one expert interview and a survey were conducted.
It was found that Tikuna possesses all characteristics to enter the German
market. However, due to the lack of a differentiation factor in Tikuna's value
proposition, its competitive capacity is limited to a short period of time. In this
sense, different recommendations are given in order to ensure long term success
in the market. The central one being that Tikuna has to use its main strength and
bring innovation to the market.
This paper aims to provide essential information about the formal aspects of the adjustment process companies in Southern Germany utilize to adjust their employees to new surroundings. In particular, it shall be investigated and defined what formal aspects are and when firms apply them. Literature shows that companies do implement language courses, intercultural trainings or provide further information about the host country before a stay abroad. Nevertheless, the phases during and after the assignment are not taken into account with the required importance. Additionally, since national culture can be broken down into different layers, the organizational culture as one layer was analyzed, too.By conducting a quantitative research among companies in Baden-Württemberg, this paper shows the different approaches for dealing with a stay abroad. Scientific literature about the topic of adjustment of globally assigned workers shall help emphasizing the need of a deeper cultural insight. Furthermore, by attempting to explain the organizations’ culture, a better understanding of the chosen training methods shall be created. Definitions in the beginning helped to understand the concept of culture, the notion and the phases of adjustment. Almost all collected data has been accessed either through JSTOR (a digital library founded to help academic libraries or publishers) or similar databases, through the companies’ websites or through the survey results it selves.The results of this research show that the phase before the stay abroad is organized well. Companies offer pre-departure training, but during and after the expatriate time a lack of support is being observed. The firms obviously underestimate the necessary help needed during the assignment and in the return phase, which is why the thesis attempts to fill this gap. Through the organizational culture, described on the companies’ webpages the author was able to draw a conclusion to the applied training methods, which results in a consistent overall picture of the described firms. Companies from the automotive sector had the highest return rate in the survey, which is why particular attention was paid to it.
The purpose of this master’s thesis is to evaluate the efficiency of state-provided eye exams as part of regular health check-ups for children aged between 6 and 18. This paper examines how capable these eye exams are at detecting reduced visual acuity and other vision related problems. It also investigates whether older children are better at noticing vision related problems then their younger peers. The results are obtained by a comprehensive questionnaire.
This paper describes an application analysis of one important topic of diversity
marketing – gender marketing. With the help of two surveys and content analyses
in two different media sectors – television and print media – the general trend of
gender representation in advertising could be located. While most survey
respondents are still using characteristics for males and females which were
shaped by traditional gender roles, most of them believe that the roles from the
1950s are outdated and that the media should adapt to the changes in societies in
regard to gender roles. However, the content analyses have shown that the
marketers have already adapted and are primarily presenting the viewers
contemporary images of men and women instead of the stereotyped ones from the
1950s. The only issue that has not changed yet is the color coding which starts to
differentiate between males and females since childhood. The findings of this
paper suggest that the perception and the reality do not always correspond with
each other and that, although the adoption of the change of gender roles is
advancing, it is still not completed yet.
This research looks into the question of where and how Artificial Intelligence and Big Data can be usefully implemented into Affiliate Marketing. By consulting relevant literature and qualified experts, this work identifies 6 areas, where Artificial Intelligence can be beneficial. These areas were found to be Affiliate Recruitment, Affiliate Management, Product Data Feed Optimization, Tracking, Attribution and Forecasting.
The implementation of Artificial Intelligence in these areas revealed 3 advantages to the Affiliate Marketing channel: Saving of time, support of decision-making, and incentivizing of publishers. While a more detailed study of this research topic would be necessary for validating the results, the findings show that the implementation of Artificial Intelligence technology can help a business gain competitive advantage.
Purpose: Although the frequency in which practitioners are fitting scleral
contact lenses is increasing, the recommendation for proper tear layer depth
(thickness) varies amongst experts. The main goal of this paper is to clinically
verify the effect of varying tear layer depths on induced corneal edema during
lens wear.
Methods: Ten subjects with healthy eyes were fitted with scleral lenses on their
right eye. Each of them was fit with two different lenses: one with an apical
clearance of 200 μm and another with an apical clearance of 600 μm. They wore
the lenses for 8 hours on two different days, with at least a one week wash-out
period. Lenses were applied at 8 a.m. on each of the testing days. Pachymetry
measurements were taken one day prior to lens wear at 4 p.m., on the day of
wear prior to lens application, and after removal of the lenses at 4 p.m.
Measurements were collected using both the Pentacam® HR Corneal
Tomographer, as well as the Visante Anterior Segment Optical Coherence
Tomographer (OCT). The apical clearance was measured using the
Visante OCT at two intervals during the test day: immediately after application of
the lens and immediately prior to the removal of the lens.
Results: In this study, there was found to be no significant difference in corneal
edematous response during lens wear between the two test groups. The study
shows that the eyes with the lenses have a statistically significantly thicker
cornea compared to the non-lens-wearing eye after wearing either lens for 8
hours, lying within clinically and physiologically acceptable limits.
Conclusion: Our clinical results do not correlate with current theoretical
calculations, which predict a greater amount of corneal swelling with increasing
tear layer thickness. It has to be evaluated if the effect on corneal edema
changes with longer wearing periods, larger samples or other influences.
Key words: scleral (contact) lens, corneal edema, pachymetry, tear layer
thickness, vaulting, apical clearance
Comparing axial eye length to other physiological properties of the eye, body height and the head
(2022)
Purpose: To find, if there is any relationship between axial eye length and other physiological properties of the eye (horizontal corneal diameter, average corneal radius, central corneal thickness, objective spherical equivalent, pupillary distance), body height, and head size. Can any of these correlations eventually complement models in myopia progression or be the model for further research.
Aim: To evaluate the short and medium term visual and refractive outcomes of a cohort of patients undergoing biometry-led sutureless extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with implantation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses (PCIOL) in a rural African population. Methods: Cataract surgery was carried out on 96 eyes with PCIOL implantation according to biometry findings. After surgery, unaided visual acuity was assessed and objective and subjective refraction was assessed at discharge and again between 4 to 8 weeks follow-up in order to obtain the best-corrected visual acuity and report on surgically induced astigmatism. Results: 96 eyes of 68 patients were examined. 55 patients were excluded from the study because of lack of cooperation, the implantation of anterior chamber intraocular lenses or for other reasons (63.6% participation rate). The preoperative visual acuity was less than 3/60 in 43.8% of eyes, between 3/60 and 6/60 in 52.1% of eyes and 6/36 in 4.2% of eyes. The discharge refraction was taken 1 to 8 days and follow-up refraction was recorded 4 to 8 weeks after surgery. The unaided visual acuity at discharge was ≥6/18 in 45.3% of eyes and in 60.6% of eyes at follow-up. It was between 6/24 and 6/60 in 54.7% of eyes at discharge and 36.2% at follow-up. Unaided visual acuity <6/60 occurred in 3.2% of eyes at follow-up, whereas no poor outcomes (VA <6/60) were recorded at discharge. Best-corrected visual acuity of ≥6/18 was achieved in 78.5% of eyes at discharge and in 88.5% of eyes at followup. It was between 6/24 and 6/60 in 21.5% of eyes at discharge and in 9.6% of eyes at follow-up. Best-corrected visual acuity <6/60 only occurred in 2.1% of eyes at follow-up. The predicted post-operative spherical equivalents ranged from -0.76D to +0.29D (mean value: - 0.27D; SD: 0.19). The spherical equivalents found in refraction at discharge ranged from -3.25D to +2.88D (mean value: -0.88D; SD: 1.08) and at follow-ups from -2.50D to +2.25D (mean value: -0.58D; SD: 0.95). At discharge 3.2% of eyes were emmetropic, 79.8% were myopic and 17.0% were hyperopic. At follow-up 13.7% of eyes were emmetropic, 65.3% were myopic and 21.1% were hyperopic. Astigmatism was found in 70 eyes (74.5%) at discharge and in 57 eyes (60.0%) at follow-up. Conclusion: Sutureless ECCE with biometry-led selection of IOL is an effective and appropriate intervention for cataract blindness and visual impairment in rural Africa. Postoperative vision improves significantly at 1-2 month follow-up when compared to immediately post-op, although the small proportion of poor outcomes appears to increase in the same time period. Further research is needed to ascertain the longer term results of surgery, to focus on vision and induced astigmatism. It is also important to assess the patient’s subjective satisfaction with vision following sight restoring surgery.