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Aim: To evaluate the short and medium term visual and refractive outcomes of a cohort of patients undergoing biometry-led sutureless extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with implantation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses (PCIOL) in a rural African population. Methods: Cataract surgery was carried out on 96 eyes with PCIOL implantation according to biometry findings. After surgery, unaided visual acuity was assessed and objective and subjective refraction was assessed at discharge and again between 4 to 8 weeks follow-up in order to obtain the best-corrected visual acuity and report on surgically induced astigmatism. Results: 96 eyes of 68 patients were examined. 55 patients were excluded from the study because of lack of cooperation, the implantation of anterior chamber intraocular lenses or for other reasons (63.6% participation rate). The preoperative visual acuity was less than 3/60 in 43.8% of eyes, between 3/60 and 6/60 in 52.1% of eyes and 6/36 in 4.2% of eyes. The discharge refraction was taken 1 to 8 days and follow-up refraction was recorded 4 to 8 weeks after surgery. The unaided visual acuity at discharge was ≥6/18 in 45.3% of eyes and in 60.6% of eyes at follow-up. It was between 6/24 and 6/60 in 54.7% of eyes at discharge and 36.2% at follow-up. Unaided visual acuity <6/60 occurred in 3.2% of eyes at follow-up, whereas no poor outcomes (VA <6/60) were recorded at discharge. Best-corrected visual acuity of ≥6/18 was achieved in 78.5% of eyes at discharge and in 88.5% of eyes at followup. It was between 6/24 and 6/60 in 21.5% of eyes at discharge and in 9.6% of eyes at follow-up. Best-corrected visual acuity <6/60 only occurred in 2.1% of eyes at follow-up. The predicted post-operative spherical equivalents ranged from -0.76D to +0.29D (mean value: - 0.27D; SD: 0.19). The spherical equivalents found in refraction at discharge ranged from -3.25D to +2.88D (mean value: -0.88D; SD: 1.08) and at follow-ups from -2.50D to +2.25D (mean value: -0.58D; SD: 0.95). At discharge 3.2% of eyes were emmetropic, 79.8% were myopic and 17.0% were hyperopic. At follow-up 13.7% of eyes were emmetropic, 65.3% were myopic and 21.1% were hyperopic. Astigmatism was found in 70 eyes (74.5%) at discharge and in 57 eyes (60.0%) at follow-up. Conclusion: Sutureless ECCE with biometry-led selection of IOL is an effective and appropriate intervention for cataract blindness and visual impairment in rural Africa. Postoperative vision improves significantly at 1-2 month follow-up when compared to immediately post-op, although the small proportion of poor outcomes appears to increase in the same time period. Further research is needed to ascertain the longer term results of surgery, to focus on vision and induced astigmatism. It is also important to assess the patient’s subjective satisfaction with vision following sight restoring surgery.
Aim Patrick J. Caroline and Mark P. Andre first reported about soft lens orthokeratology in 2005. In a number of articles in the past five years, they reported about their research on this topic and their new findings. The aim of this study was to continue the research of Patrick J. Caroline and Mark P. Andre and to collect more information about the outcome of the technique. Methods Ten subjects with low myopia from -0.25 D to -1.25 D and a refractive astigmatism from plano to -0.75 D were fitted with a -10.00 D CIBA VISION AIR OPTIX® NIGHT&DAY® silicone hydrogel contact lens and were told to wear the lenses over night and everted. Corneal topography and refraction measurements were taken after one night, one week and one month of contact lens wear. Results Eight out of ten subjects finished the study, six female and two male. The mean age of the subjects was 23.9 years. With the eight subjects who finished the study, the mean change in subjective refraction was about +1.00 D in the sphere and +0.22 D in the cylinder, with maximum changes of +1.75 D sphere and +0.75 D cylinder. The mean apical power change, measured with the topographer, was 1.11 D. Changes in K - readings ranged from slight corneal steepening in both of the meridians to 0.23 mm of corneal flattening in the horizontal meridian and 0.27 mm of corneal flattening in the vertical meridian. Corneal eccentricity decreased about 0.65 on average. The main complaints and problems were the high minus power and the decentration of the contact lens and the occurrence of ghosting at night. Conclusion The results of this study show that everted wear of a high minus silicone hydrogel contact lens can lead to orthokeratology - such as changes in corneal topography and subjective refraction. These changes range from plano to +1.75 D sphere and +0.25 D to +0.75 D cylinder but are unpredictable and vary from subject to subject. Additional studies regarding the contact lens decentration and the unpredictability of the outcome need to be done to optimize the process.