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Institute
Abstract
1.1 Purpose
The purpose of this study is to prescribe follicular-like conjunctivitis associated with Siliconhydrogels
(FoCoSi) in silicone hydrogel contact lens wearers as a novel subtype of
the well prescribed contact lens induced papillary conjunctivitis (CLPC).
1.2 Methods
1211 patients who wore silicon hydrogels were included in this prospective, nonrandomised,
single center study. Subjective symptoms and clinical signs were evaluated
for daily wear (DW) and continuous wear (CW) populations for several (Lotrafilcon A,
Lotrafilcon B, Senofilcon A, Galyfilcon A) silicon hydrogel lens types. CCLRU and other
specifically developed grading scale were utilized for evaluation. Grading of 2 and above
was rated as clinically significant. Statistical evaluation was performed for eyes rather
than subjects.
1.3 Results
The clinical presentation of FoCoSi could be confirmed and showed an incidence of
3.8%. Lotrafilcon A followed by Senofilcon A on a CW modality presented, with a risk
ratio of 2.49 and 1.53 respectively, the highest affinity for developing FoCoSi. Fluorescein
positive spots showed the closest correlation with subjective symptoms reported
by patients and divided FoCoSi into an active and dormant form. Besides Protein, Lipid
deposition on the contact lens surface and air pollution like Ozone or fine and ultrafine
particles seems to be important factors in developing FoCoSi, whereas mechanical irritation
played a minor role.
1.4 Conclusion
FoCoSi is a novel and relevant subtype of CLPC. Further studies should be performed
to validate these findings and clear up several questions about the aetiology of FoCoSi
and CLPC.
Keywords: Giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC), contact lens-induced papillary conjunctivitis
(CLPC), follicular-like conjunctivitis associated with siliconhydrogels (FoCoSi)
The present thesis deals with alternative powertrains, focusing on electric vehicles
and hybrid vehicles and which of those alternative powertrains is considered as
sustainable for the future. It explores the question, which alternative powertrain is
worthwhile investing in for German automotive suppliers. The aim is to clarify
which of the two powertrains is already established on the market and what the
future prospects of those powertrains are. The question here is evaluated based on
the analysis of current literature as well as through the use of a SWOT analysis
and the use of the scoring model.
As a result it is clear that there is a need for alternative powertrains and the entire
automotive industry invests a lot in the development and research of alternative
powertrains. According to the German Federal Government, one million electric
vehicles should be on German roads by 2020. With pure electric vehicles, however,
the goal will be difficult to reach. Therefore, there is a lot of vested interest in
the development of hybrid vehicles on the market. It shows that the hybrid vehicle
has considerable advantages over the electric vehicle and the hybrid vehicle is
already seen as a transitional solution for pure electric vehicles. The hybrid vehicle
is also already established in the market and has better chances on the market
in the future. Therefore, it makes sense for German automotive suppliers to invest
in hybrid vehicles and to focus on this market, since there the chances of success
are greater and the future potential of this market is higher.
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of measured visual acuity
(VA) both static and dynamic obtained with static and dynamic measuring tests, as well
as, response time to visual stimulus and analysis of its influence on dynamic visual
acuity. The aim was to compare the results gathered for the three age groups and
analyze the possible differences.
Methods
The test groups consisted of 75 subjects between 10 and 60 years old, categorized in
three age groups. The measurements of static and dynamic visual acuity and reaction
time were conducted. The set of nine tests (five with radial magnification speed and four
simulating driving condition at 72 km/h and 130 km/h) was designed in order to measure
dynamic visual acuity and the set of two tests for reaction time measurement.
Results
Compared to static visual acuity in both tests, the results obtained with measurements
of dynamic visual acuity resulted in lower values depending on Landolt ring size and
magnification speed of animation. In average, the dynamic visual acuities in tests with
different magnification speeds were lower than static by 0.4 visual acuity units, or 31%
and the average of dynamic visual acuity after subtracting motoric component (reaction
time) was for 0.2 visual acuity worse than static or 15%. In the second test simulating
driving conditions at 72 km/h the average drop in dynamic visual acuity was 33% while
at 130 km/h average drop for younger and middle age groups was 37% and for older
group was 44% and after subtracting motor component values for 72 km/h speed
simulation average drop in visual acuity values was 23% for all three groups; for 130
km/h speed simulation younger and middle aged group average drop of visual acuity
was 20% and with older group it was 24%.
Conclusion
The tests used in this study were simple and fast and revealed significant difference
between static and dynamic visual acuity and influence of reaction time on dynamic
Nataša Vujko Muždalo Abstract
2
visual acuity values. It is hoped that this thesis will be a positive contribution in testing
and training of dynamic visual and sensory response skill with drivers, sportsmen and
people with visual-motor dysfunction.
Keywords: Dynamic visual acuity (DVA), static visual acuity (SVA), reaction time (RT),
motoric component, dynamic visual acuity test, reaction time test, radial increase in size
The increasing prevalence of myopia throughout the industrialized world in recent decades has caused costs and problems for the eye health. Changed lifestyle and behavior are the main causes. For the pathogenesis of myopia, the amount of time spent outdoor and near activities play an important role. Various options for the treatment of myopia have been described as effective in the literature. Normal single vision glasses and contact lenses can only provide clear vision, but do not reduce myopia progression. Orthokeratology shows a slowing of axial growth, but has an increased risk of infectious keratitis. Low-dose atropine (0.01%) is currently the best pharmacological option. It proved safe, effective and showed the least rebound effect with negligible side effects. Other options for the treatment of myopia include special glasses, behavioral changes and prolonged outdoor exposure (to prevent the onset of myopia), as well as other methods. An increasingly important myopia management option is multifocal contact lenses, that provide a peripheral treatment zone producing myopic defocus. Such myopia control lenses are available as customized or as daily or monthly lenses. Children benefit from wearing contact lenses more than just having refractive error correction and myopia control, they have a better self-esteem and improved quality of life. The numerous findings on the safety and efficacy of soft multifocal distance center contact lenses in children to reduce the progression of myopia suggest that this modality should be considered as a main treatment option. Less, but similar to orthokeratology, when wearing soft lenses there is a risk of developing potentially serious complications such as microbial keratitis. The introduction of child-appropriate risk minimization strategies, and patient and parent education with regular monitoring is essential and leads to successful contact lens wear. This literature review summarized the actual knowledge about myopia management, prevalence, etiology and the visual and healthy consequences of myopia.
The three currently most important strategies for slowing the progression of myopia are soft multifocal distance center contact lenses, Orthokeratology and low-dose atropine ophthalmic drops.
This paper aims to provide essential information about the formal aspects of the adjustment process companies in Southern Germany utilize to adjust their employees to new surroundings. In particular, it shall be investigated and defined what formal aspects are and when firms apply them. Literature shows that companies do implement language courses, intercultural trainings or provide further information about the host country before a stay abroad. Nevertheless, the phases during and after the assignment are not taken into account with the required importance. Additionally, since national culture can be broken down into different layers, the organizational culture as one layer was analyzed, too.By conducting a quantitative research among companies in Baden-Württemberg, this paper shows the different approaches for dealing with a stay abroad. Scientific literature about the topic of adjustment of globally assigned workers shall help emphasizing the need of a deeper cultural insight. Furthermore, by attempting to explain the organizations’ culture, a better understanding of the chosen training methods shall be created. Definitions in the beginning helped to understand the concept of culture, the notion and the phases of adjustment. Almost all collected data has been accessed either through JSTOR (a digital library founded to help academic libraries or publishers) or similar databases, through the companies’ websites or through the survey results it selves.The results of this research show that the phase before the stay abroad is organized well. Companies offer pre-departure training, but during and after the expatriate time a lack of support is being observed. The firms obviously underestimate the necessary help needed during the assignment and in the return phase, which is why the thesis attempts to fill this gap. Through the organizational culture, described on the companies’ webpages the author was able to draw a conclusion to the applied training methods, which results in a consistent overall picture of the described firms. Companies from the automotive sector had the highest return rate in the survey, which is why particular attention was paid to it.
This research project is of particular importance since there is a lack of adequate data on pediatric eye and vision disorders in Russia, particularly in the Volga region. In the present study, we estimate the prevalence of vision disorders among school-aged children who participated in a vision screening program in Samara, Russia. The relationship between learning-related visual dysfunctions is explored in depth, such to illustrate the connection between vision and learning. Hence, a key feature in this study is the inclusion of binocular vision disorders among the conditions tested.
Forming complex parts out of high and ultra-high strength aluminium alloys has proved to be more challenging in comparison to the currently used deep drawing steels. Nevertheless, aluminium alloys show a limited formability in contrast with, for example, deep drawing steels. Novel processes like Warm-forming, W-Temper or Hotforming, offer the potential to produce light and highly integrated one-piece components from such aluminium alloys at elevated temperatures. When considering aluminium alloys of the 7000 group, which can reach strength values (UTS) of about 600 MPa, crash components such as side impact bars would offer a suitable field of application.
Forming at elevated temperatures, in particular with the Hotforming process, offers high potential in the production of complex structural components on the one hand and in the use of existing press hardening equipment on the other. To date, the material behaviour of aluminium alloys in the 7000 group, applied in such processes and in the later final state after forming, is not sufficiently known.
Therefore, in this study, systematic investigations on the formability and the final strength during and after forming at elevated temperature of the EN AW-7075 aluminium wrought alloy from different suppliers are conducted. In general, material- and damage/ failure models were created and implemented into simulation in order to make predictions. Characterisation of the plastic material properties on the basis of various tensile specimens as shear-, notched-, tensile- and Erichsen tests are carried out to adapt the complex material- and failure models such as Barlat YLD2000 and GISSMO to the experimental values using a parameter optimisation. These were made for the material conditions during forming, i.e. after solution heat treatment, the final condition after artificial ageing at 180°C for 20 minutes, which corresponds to the cathodic dip coating, and the T6 condition, which is the highest strength condition.
To evaluate a suitable friction coefficient for high temperature forming processes, anti-friction agents are screened, and the potential applicability evaluated by strip-drawing tests. Thereby, using an analytical relationship, friction coefficients are determined at room temperature and 180°C, which are used as corresponding friction model for the finite element forming simulation.
Crash simulations using the nonlinear finite element method (FEM) of side impact protection beams are used to demonstrate the weight saving potential of high and ultra-high strength aluminium alloys compared to a beam made of press hardened steel. A weight saving of about 20 % could be achieved with the same crash performance. This can be significantly increased to around 30 % - 40 % by using local reinforcements such as CFRP or GFRP (carbon/ glass fibre reinforced plastic) patch. For this reason, a novel process was developed which is based on the conventional Hotforming process with an integrated thermal direct joining step called “Extended Hotforming”.
Subsequently, a heatable forming tool for the production of a serial like sheet metal side impact beam was developed to validate the finite element simulation and to demonstrate the potential of the forming processes at elevated temperatures for aluminium sheet metal components.
The present study deals with the topic how a town can use its cultural heritage or,
more precisely, its industrial culture as a means to market itself as an innovative
business location and to foster a more pronounced sense of civic cohesion among
residents. Economic theory suggests that, nowadays, traditional location factors
such as access to resources and a performant infrastructure are less important than
in the industrial age. Recently, factors like a city’s potential to generate and retain
human and creative capital have emerged. Accordingly, the economic and social
role of cities has shifted – from a place where workers lived and manufactured
goods towards a deeply interwoven ecosystem of knowledge-intense value creation.
The question at the root of the present study is how Heidenheim’s rich industrial
cultural heritage can be used as a future-pointing source of power for rebranding
the town. This rebranding concept has to be developed according to the town’s role
in past, present and future, thus creating actual economic and societal value.
Industrial culture bears branding potential and is closely related to various aspects
of modern life and work. The study examines possibilities to create awareness for
these relations connecting past, present and future. Their relevance shall be
emphasized in order to establish both points of orientation and authenticity of place
in times when macroeconomic and societal trends are difficult to predict. Ideally,
residents shall be given a sort of local identification to hold on to, and potential
investors and entrepreneurs shall be encouraged to sustainably experience the
innovation-based DNA of Heidenheim. Therefore, the study searches for a value
proposition that takes into account the points mentioned above on terms of an
innovative theoretic framework. As a result of this thesis, precise suggestions for
the implementation of a new branding strategy based on the conceptual guidelines
developed in this study will be proposed to the municipality of Heidenheim and, in
addition, an interface using principles of virtual and augmented reality will be
introduced.