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Today’s Industry 4.0 Smart Factories involve complicated and highly automated processes. Nevertheless, certain crucial activities such as machine maintenance remain that require human involvement. For such activities, many factors have to be taken into account, like worker safety or worker qualification. This adds to the complexity of selection and assignment of optimal human resources to the processes and overall coordination. Contemporary Business Process Management (BPM) Systems only provide limited facilities regarding activity resource assignment. To overcome these, this contribution pro- poses a BPM-integrated approach that applies fuzzy sets and rule processing for activity assignment. Our findings suggest that our approach has the potential for improved work distribution and cost savings for Industry 4.0 production processes. Furthermore, the scalability of the approach provides efficient performance even with a large number of concurrent activity assignment requests and can be applied to complex production scenarios with minimal effort.
Although production processes in Industry 4.0 set- tings are highly automated, many complicated tasks, such as machine maintenance, continue to be executed by human workers. While smart factories can provide these workers with some digitalization support via Augmented Reality (AR) devices, these AR tasks depend on many contextual factors, such as live data feeds from machines in view, or current work safety conditions. Although currently feasible, these localized contextual factors are mostly not well-integrated into the global production process, which can result in various problems such as suboptimal task assignment, over-exposure of workers to hazards such as noise or heat, or delays in the production process. Current Business Process Management (BPM) Systems (BPMS) were not particularly designed to consider and integrate context-aware factors during planning and execution. This paper describes the AR-Process Framework (ARPF) for extending a BPMS to support context-integrated modeling and execution of processes with AR tasks in industrial use cases. Our realization shows how the ARPF can be easily integrated with prevalent BPMS. Our evaluation findings from a simulation scenario indicate that ARPF can improve Industry 4.0 processes with regard to AR task execution quality and cost savings.
With the increasing pressure to deliver additional software functionality, software engineers and developers are often confronted with the dilemma of sufficient software testing. One aspect to avoid is test redundancy, and measuring test (or code or statement) coverage can help focus test development on those areas that are not yet sufficiently tested. As software projects grow, it can be difficult to visualize both the software product and the software testing area and their dependencies. This paper contributes VR-TestCoverage, a Virtual Reality (VR) solution concept for visualizing and interacting with test coverage, test results, and test dependency data in VR. Our VR implementation shows its feasibility. The evaluation results based on a case study show its support for three testing-related scenarios.
The increasing demand for software functionality necessitates an increasing amount of program source code that is retained and managed in version control systems, such as Git. As the number, size, and complexity of Git repositories increases, so does the number of collaborating developers, maintainers, and other stakeholders over a repository’s lifetime. In particular, visual limitations of Git tooling hampers repository comprehension, analysis, and collaboration across one or multiple repositories with a larger stakeholder spectrum. This paper contributes VR-Git, a Virtual Reality (VR) solution concept for visualizing and interacting with Git repositories in VR. Our prototype realization shows its feasibility, and our evaluation results based on a case study show its support for repository comprehension, analysis, and collaboration via branch, commit, and multi-repository scenarios.
Repeatable processes are fundamental for describing how enterprises and organizations operate, for production, for Industry 4.0, etc. As digitalization and automation progresses across all organizations and industries, including enterprises, business, government, manufacturing, and IT, evidence-based comprehension and analysis of the processes involved, including their variations, anomalies, and performance, becomes vital for an increasing set of stakeholders. Process Mining (PM) relies on logs or processes (as such evidence-based) to provide process-centric analysis data, yet insights are not necessarily visually accessible for a larger set of stakeholders (who may not be process or data analysts). Towards addressing certain challenges described in the Process Mining Manifesto, this paper contributes VR-ProcessMine, a solution for visualizing and interacting with PM results in Virtual Reality (VR). Our realization shows its feasibility, and a case-based evaluation provides insights into its capabilities.
As systems grow in complexity, the interdisciplinary nature of systems engineering makes the visualization and comprehension of the underlying system models challenging for the various stakeholders. This, in turn, can affect validation and realization correctness. Furthermore, stakeholder collaboration is often hindered due to the lack of a common medium to access and convey these models, which are often partitioned across multiple 2D diagrams. This paper contributes VR-SysML, a solution concept for visualizing and interacting with SysML models in Virtual Reality (VR). Our prototype realization shows its feasibility, and our evaluation results based on a case study shows its support for the various SysML diagram types in VR, cross-diagram element recognition via our backplane followers concept, and depicting further related (SysML and non-SysML) models side-by-side in VR.
Die vorliegende Arbeit soll im Zusammenhang mit dem geplante Lieferkettengesetz zunächst einen Überblick über die vorangegangenen politischen und gesetzgeberischen Entwicklungen geben. Ferner soll in Bezug auf die folgende Forschungsfrage auf Möglichkeiten der Umsetzung für Unternehmen eingegangen werden:
Wie kann sichergestellt werden, dass keine
Menschenrechtsverletzungen innerhalb der Lieferketten
deutscher Unternehmen stattfinden?
Strategy development is one of the crucial factors for a firm's performance. For it
to be developed, a strategic analysis has to be conducted first. It enables
companies to gain a deeper understanding of their internal and external
environment. In the present work, the specialty coffee market is closely analyzed through a strategic analysis. The focus of this study is the young company Tikuna, a coffee producer that aims to enter the German market. In this context, Tikuna's possible entry into the German market and the companies competitive capacities are analyzed. In order to implement the different tools of the analysis, extensive literature research, as well as one expert interview and a survey were conducted.
It was found that Tikuna possesses all characteristics to enter the German
market. However, due to the lack of a differentiation factor in Tikuna's value
proposition, its competitive capacity is limited to a short period of time. In this
sense, different recommendations are given in order to ensure long term success
in the market. The central one being that Tikuna has to use its main strength and
bring innovation to the market.
Ziel der Thesis:
Das Ziel dieser Bachelorarbeit ist es, einen Fragebogen zu entwickeln, um die Kostenakzeptanz bei Eltern zu ermitteln, deren Kinder Myopiepräventionsmaßnahmen benötigen. Dieser Fragebogen kann einem auf Myopieprävention spezialis ierten Optometristen bei der Preisgestaltung der angebotenen Versorgung unterstützend helfen. Des Weiteren wird ausführlich ein strukturierter Ablaufplan beschrieben, anhand dessen der behandelnde Optometrist/Optiker die betroffenen Kinder und Jugendliche optimal betreuen kann.
Methode/Vorgehensweise:
Um das Ziel dieser Bachelorarbeit zu erreichen, wurde zu Beginn eine Literaturrecherche durchgeführt.
Es wurden Studien, Papers und Fachzeitschriften analysiert und Ursachen,Epidemiologie und Behandlungsmaßnahmen der Myopieprogression herausgearbeitet. Mithilfe dieser Informationen wurde ein Myopiepräventionskonzept und anschließend ein Fragebogen entwickelt.
Ergebnisse:
Eine beginnende oder fortgeschrittene Myopie lässt sich durch entsprechende Myopiemaßnahmen behandeln. Das Längenwachstum eines myopen Auges gilt es einzudämmen, da es sich unbehandelt bis ins Erwachsenenalter progressiv verhält und weitere irreversible Augenerkrankungen hervorrufen kann. Die weltweit ansteigende Myopieprävalenz ruft zu einem Handeln auf,
da etwa die Hälfte der Weltbevölkerung im Jahre 2050 kurzsichtig sein wird. Ursachen hierfür sind vielfältig. Vermehrte Naharbeit, genetische Faktoren, wenig Außenaktivität und binokulare Seheigenschaften spielen eine große Rolle. Versorgungen, die im Myopiemanagement eingesetzt werden, sind Mehrstärkengläser, myopische Brillengläser, Orthokeratologie-kontaktlinsen, multifokale Kontaktlinsen, myopische Kontaktlinsen und Atropin.
Das Ergebnis des Fragebogens zeigt, dass Eltern bereit sind, monatlich 38,89±16,15€ für eine Versorgung zur Myopiekontrolle bei ihrem Kind zu investieren. Dies deckt sich mit den in der Praxis angegeben Preisen von 35€ bis 52€ für Kontaktlinsen und 29€ für spezielle Myopiebrillengläser.
Leider werden die Kosten von der gesetzlichen Krankenkasse nicht übernommen. Hier besteht Handlungsbedarf, denn es kann im Erwachsenenalter zu hohen Kosten für Folgeerkrankungen einer hohen Myopie oder deren Korrektionsmaßnahmen kommen.
Schlussfolgerung:
Der Umfragebogen und dessen Ergebnis sollen dem Myopiespezialisten helfen, Versorgungsangebote
mit Brille oder Kontaktlinsen preislich den Vorstellungen und damit der Akzeptanz der
Eltern anzupassen. Somit kann eine maximale Effizienz und Zufriedenheit erreicht werden.