Open Access

As the amount of software source code increases, manual approaches for documentation or detection of software design patterns in source code become inefficient relative to the value. Furthermore, typical automatic pattern detection tools are limited to a single programming language. To address this, our Design Pattern Detection using Machine Learning (DPDML) offers a generalized and programming language agnostic approach for automated design pattern detection based on machine learning (ML). The focus of our evaluation was on ensuring DPDML can reasonably detect one design pattern in the structural, creational, and behavioral category for two popular programming languages (Java and C#). 60 unique Java and C# code projects were used to train the artificial neural network (ANN) and 15 projects were then used to test pattern detection. The results show the feasibility and potential for pursuing an ANN approach for automated design pattern detection.

This paper describes an application analysis of one important topic of diversity marketing – gender marketing. With the help of two surveys and content analyses in two different media sectors – television and print media – the general trend of gender representation in advertising could be located. While most survey respondents are still using characteristics for males and females which were shaped by traditional gender roles, most of them believe that the roles from the 1950s are outdated and that the media should adapt to the changes in societies in regard to gender roles. However, the content analyses have shown that the marketers have already adapted and are primarily presenting the viewers contemporary images of men and women instead of the stereotyped ones from the 1950s. The only issue that has not changed yet is the color coding which starts to differentiate between males and females since childhood. The findings of this paper suggest that the perception and the reality do not always correspond with each other and that, although the adoption of the change of gender roles is advancing, it is still not completed yet.

Purpose: Although the frequency in which practitioners are fitting scleral contact lenses is increasing, the recommendation for proper tear layer depth (thickness) varies amongst experts. The main goal of this paper is to clinically verify the effect of varying tear layer depths on induced corneal edema during lens wear. Methods: Ten subjects with healthy eyes were fitted with scleral lenses on their right eye. Each of them was fit with two different lenses: one with an apical clearance of 200 μm and another with an apical clearance of 600 μm. They wore the lenses for 8 hours on two different days, with at least a one week wash-out period. Lenses were applied at 8 a.m. on each of the testing days. Pachymetry measurements were taken one day prior to lens wear at 4 p.m., on the day of wear prior to lens application, and after removal of the lenses at 4 p.m. Measurements were collected using both the Pentacam® HR Corneal Tomographer, as well as the Visante Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomographer (OCT). The apical clearance was measured using the Visante OCT at two intervals during the test day: immediately after application of the lens and immediately prior to the removal of the lens. Results: In this study, there was found to be no significant difference in corneal edematous response during lens wear between the two test groups. The study shows that the eyes with the lenses have a statistically significantly thicker cornea compared to the non-lens-wearing eye after wearing either lens for 8 hours, lying within clinically and physiologically acceptable limits. Conclusion: Our clinical results do not correlate with current theoretical calculations, which predict a greater amount of corneal swelling with increasing tear layer thickness. It has to be evaluated if the effect on corneal edema changes with longer wearing periods, larger samples or other influences. Key words: scleral (contact) lens, corneal edema, pachymetry, tear layer thickness, vaulting, apical clearance

Databases are becoming an ubiquitous and integral part of most software as the data era and the Internet of Everything unfolds. Alternative database types such as NoSQL grow in popularity and allow data to be stored and accessed more simply or in new ways. Thus, software developers, not just database specialists, are more likely to encounter and need to deal with databases. Virtual Reality (VR) technology has grown in popularity, yet its integration in the software development tool chain has been limited. One potential application area for VR technology that has not been sufficiently explored is database-model visualization. This paper describes Virtual Reality Immersion in Data Models (VRiDaM), a generic database-model approach for visualizing, navigating, and conveying database-model information interactively. It describes and explores both native VR and WebVR solution concepts, with prototypes showing the viability of the approach.

Purpose To determine the stereo threshold and inherent variability with a monitor-based two-rod test at various eccentricities of the visual field. Additionally, to evaluate the duration of this procedure. Subjects and methods A pilot trial was conducted in five ophthalmologically normal subjects (2 male and 3 female) aged 21 – 23 years. Two black rods on white background, which appeared under an angle of 1° were presented in a viewing distance of 5.0 meters. The right rod was stationary, whilst the left rod appeared under a stereoscopic parallax, with an either proximal or distal displacement to the image plane. Threshold determination was assessed at seven eccentricities of the visual field by a staircase method. Eccentricities were 0° centrally, 5° to the right and left, 10° to the right and left and 15° to the right and left of the visual field. Proximal and distal displacement as well as the sequence of eccentricities were presented in random order. Stereo acuity was measured in two different sessions for four subjects and in five different sessions for one subject. For all sessions the duration was recorded. All sessions were separated by a time interval of at least 24 hours and no longer than 7 days. Evaluation was made by Wilcoxon test and Kruskal Wallis test at the 95% confidence level (CI) and the median was assessed for all thresholds. Results Stereo acuity declines with increasing eccentricities of the retina similar to visual acuity. While at 0° eccentricity thresholds were found to be lowest with (median) 5.0 seconds of arc (‘’) and the CI (0.5’’, 30.5’’) for all measurements, they increased to 112.2’’ at 15° eccentricity to the left in proximal displacement. Distal it was 19.9’’ centrally and 112.2’’ to the right at 15° eccentricity with CI (0.5’’, 30.5’’) for all measurements. Repeatability of the threshold determination was found to be best at 0° eccentricity with proximal displacement showing the exact same result in the repetitive session and poorest repetition was found at 15° eccentricity to the left with distal displacement. Distal repeatability was worse than proximal. Median and CI of duration time was 5.3 (3.2, 8.3) minutes. Conclusion Stereo acuity thresholds are repeatable however increase with increasing eccentricity. Repetitions of the threshold determination do not vary considerably. The duration of these measurements indicates the monitor-based two-rod test as a fast procedure, that can be applied in future studies. The test program is limited by an imperfect algorithm and the stereoscopic images evoke cues, this should be reworked.